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Immune response triggered by the ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma with nanosecond pulsed electric

Jianpeng Liu, Xinhua Chen, Shusen Zheng

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 170-177 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0747-z

摘要： Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is a novel, nonthermal, and minimally invasive modality that can ablate solid tumors by inducing apoptosis. Recent animal experiments show that nsPEF can induce the immunogenic cell death of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and stimulate the host’s immune response to kill residual tumor cells and decrease distant metastatic tumors. nsPEF-induced immunity is of great clinical importance because the nonthermal ablation may enhance the immune memory, which can prevent HCC recurrence and metastasis. This review summarized the most advanced research on the effect of nsPEF. The possible mechanisms of how locoregional nsPEF ablation enhances the systemic anticancer immune responses were illustrated. nsPEF stimulates the host immune system to boost stimulation and prevail suppression. Also, nsPEF increases the dendritic cell loading and inhibits the regulatory responses, thereby improving immune stimulation and limiting immunosuppression in HCC-bearing hosts. Therefore, nsPEF has excellent potential for HCC treatment.

关键词： nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immune response recurrence metastasis

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Stem cell niches and endogenous electric fields in tissue repair

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 40-44 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0108-z

摘要：

Adult stem cells are responsible for homeostasis and repair of many tissues. Endogenous adult stem cells reside in certain regions of organs, known as the stem cell niche, which is recognized to have an important role in regulating tissue maintenance and repair. In wound healing and tissue repair, stem cells are mobilized and recruited to the site of wound, and participate in the repair process. Many regulatory factors are involved in the stem cell-based repair process, including stem cell niches and endogenous wound electric fields, which are present at wound tissues and proved to be important in guiding wound healing. Here we briefly review the role of stem cell niches and endogenous electric fields in tissue repair, and hypothesize that endogenous electric fields become part of stem cell niche in the wound site.

关键词： stem cell stem cell niche electric field tissue repair

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Synthesis of Ag and Cd nanoparticles by nanosecond pulsed discharge in liquid nitrogen

Mahmoud Trad, Alexandre Nominé, Natalie Tarasenka, Jaafar Ghanbaja, Cédric Noël, Malek Tabbal, Thierry Belmonte

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 360-368 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1802-7

摘要： The synthesis of CdO, Ag O (5 nm) and Ag (~20‒30 nm) nano-objects is achieved simultaneously by nanosecond-pulsed discharges in liquid nitrogen between one cadmium electrode and one silver electrode. Oxidation occurs when liquid nitrogen is fully evaporated and nanoparticles are in contact with the air. No alloy is formed, whatever the conditions, even though both elements are present simultaneously, as showed by time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy. This lack of reactivity between elements is attributed to the high pressure within the discharge that keeps each metallic vapor around the electrode it comes from. Each element exhibits a specific behavior. Cubic Cd particles, formed at 4 kV, get elongated with filamentary tips when the applied voltage reaches 7 and 10 kV. Cd wires are formed by assembly in liquid nitrogen of Cd nanoparticles driven by dipole assembly, and not by dielectrophoresis. On the contrary, silver spherical particles get assembled into 2D dendritic structures. The anisotropic growth of these structures is assumed to be due to the existence of pressure gradients.

关键词： spark discharges submerged discharges time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy liquid nitrogen

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脉冲中子、伽马探测系统性能表征与设计技术

欧阳晓平

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第5期页码 44-53

摘要：

探测系统是获取辐射场特征信息的核心器件，是实施脉冲辐射探测的关键和技术基础，其性能直接决定测试数据的质量和测试方法的选择。对影响脉冲辐射探测的性能指标进行系统描述、表征是探测系统设计、研制、实际应用和综合性能评价的基础。用于复杂能谱脉冲中子、伽马混合辐射场时间谱、强度谱测量的探测系统，主要性能包括探测灵敏度、时间响应、能量响应、线性电流和中子、伽马分辨能力等指标参数，这些参数的获得与实现，需要根据中子、伽马射线与物质相互作用的基本原理，构建相应的探测结构和技术原理。在设计上，综合权衡能量收集和电荷收集方式选择、几何效率完备和高信噪比结合、信号响应和直照响应分离、探测效率与时间特性兼顾、综合性能与使用可靠性一致等设计原则，综合应用这些原则构成了探测系统设计方法。

关键词：中子、伽马混合场脉冲辐射探测探测系统设计原理性能参数

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Analysis of mobilization of inorganic ions in soil by electrokinetic remediation

Xiaojing LI, Lige WANG, Xueming SUN, Yuansheng CONG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第6期页码 1463-1473 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0569-8

摘要： Saline soil has imposed a serious threat on many expressway engineering and agricultural areas. This paper describes the performance of saline soil treatment using electrokinetic remediation technology. Comparison study involving sample soil and soil is carried out. Two different electric fields, i.e., uniform and non-uniform are utilized to promote the migration of inorganic ions contained in the soil toward the electrode area. The effects of different electric field types and potential gradient ion migration rate in soil are investigated. The test result reveals that a uniform electric field of a constant potential gradient of 1 V/cm drives the Cl through the sample soil at a rate of 1.36 cm/h. Moreover, larger potential gradients could make ions migrate faster, but more electrical energy is consumed in such a way. Compared with uniform electric field, the non-uniform process maintains the soil pH values more effectively and consumes less electrical energy. A desirable result of removing Na in soil is expected using electrokinetic remediation technology under four-times scaling up of soil volume.

关键词： electromigration electric fields saline soil soil-remediation

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Magnetostriction varieties and stress relief caused by pulsed magnetic field

Zhipeng CAI, Xinjie DUAN, Jian LIN, Haiyan ZHAO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第3期页码 354-358 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0123-4

摘要：

Magnetostriction is investigated to evaluate the stress relief caused by pulsed magnetic field treatment, because this physical property is closely associated with residual stress. Magnetostriction of different stressed samples is measured in this paper. The stress variations caused by pulsed magnetic treatment are also compared. It is found that magnetostriction variations are closely associated with stress changes. Thermodynamic potential is used to find the relationship between them. Based on several assumptions, we find that the product of magnetostriction amplitude and stress magnitude is nearly a constant during magnetic field treatment, which is valuable for stress relief evaluation and optimizing processing parameters. This conclusion is testified by stress measurements, and the calculated values are in accordance with the experiment results.

关键词： magnetostriction pulsed magnetic field treatment stress relief

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Simulation of heterogeneous two-phase media using random fields and level sets

George STEFANOU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 114-120 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0267-5

摘要： The accurate and efficient simulation of random heterogeneous media is important in the framework of modeling and design of complex materials across multiple length scales. It is usually assumed that the morphology of a random microstructure can be described as a non-Gaussian random field that is completely defined by its multivariate distribution. A particular kind of non-Gaussian random fields with great practical importance is that of translation fields resulting from a simple memory-less transformation of an underlying Gaussian field with known second-order statistics. This paper provides a critical examination of existing random field models of heterogeneous two-phase media with emphasis on level-cut random fields which are a special case of translation fields. The case of random level sets, often used to represent the geometry of physical systems, is also examined. Two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the basic features of the different approaches.

关键词： microstructure random fields level sets shape recovery two-phase media

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脉冲水射流水力共振设计

蒲家宁,陈明

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第2期页码 36-42

摘要：

在导管首端设置正弦脉冲流发生器，下游某处设置空气室，精心构建系统条件造成水力共振，使喷嘴处脉冲射流的压力振幅大大提高。系统的数学物理模型用水力瞬变特征线有限差分方程建立，变时步方法解算。最优水力共振条件用Matlab直接搜索算法搜寻。正弦脉冲流发生器由恒流泵和正弦容积变化活塞缸构成，电动活塞泵用凸轮传动给出恒定流量，活塞缸活塞用凸轮或曲轴连杆传动使缸容正弦变化。

关键词：脉冲水射流水力共振特征线解法变时步法 Matlab 直接搜寻算法正弦脉冲流发生器

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NITROGEN USE AND MANAGEMENT IN ORCHARDS AND VEGETABLE FIELDS IN CHINA: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 386-395 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022443

摘要：

● Excessive application of N fertilizers in orchards and vegetable fields (OVFs) in China is particularly common.

关键词： nitrogen fate nitrogen fertilizer orchards vegetable fields

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Advanced biomass materials: progress in the applications for energy, environmental, and emerging fields

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第7期页码 795-797 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2336-6

摘要： Advanced biomass materials: progress in the applications for energy, environmental, and emerging fields

关键词： progress applications energy fields

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Engineering Fronts in fields of Energy and Electrical Science and Technologies in the report of

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 5-8 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0868-6

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The perturbed magnetic fields caused by mechanical stress

QIN Fei, YAN Dong-mei

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第2期页码 151-156 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0015-1

摘要： In the framework of the linearized magnetoelastic theory, the perturbed magnetic fields caused by mechanical stress and deformation were investigated theoretically. Governing equations and boundary conditions to determine the perturbed fields were derived. The effect of mechanical deformation on the magnetic fields was taken into account by coupling structural displacement into the perturbed magnetic field continuous conditions on the boundary of the structure. As an example, the perturbed field of a half-plane magnetized structure caused by a point force was calculated by the Fourier transform method. The results show that the calculated magnetic intensity component normal to the boundary of the structure reaches its maximum at the point force acted while the component tangent to the boundary inverses its direction sharply. The magnetic induction of the perturbed field is proportional to the applied force. Magnitude analysis proved that since the applied magnetic field has a relative weak intensity such as the Earth s magnetic field, influence of the magnetic field on deformation of the structure can be neglected.

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脉冲X射线模拟技术的发展

邱爱慈

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第9期页码 24-28

摘要：

文章简要介绍了利用强流脉冲电子束加速器模拟脉冲X射线的发展概况及国内脉冲X射线模拟源的发展现状，指出作为主要技术途径，高功率Z箍缩技术在实现超强脉冲X射线源和ICF驱动源上都有很重要的发展应用前景，并提出了今后工作设想。

关键词：脉冲X射线高功率脉冲技术脉冲电子束加速器 Z箍缩 ICF

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Advanced nitrogen removal by pulsed sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with real-time control

YANG Qing, PENG Yongzhen, YANG Anming, LI Jianfeng, GUO Jianhua

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 488-492 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0078-1

摘要： The feasibility of pH and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) as on-line control parameters to advance nitrogen removal in pulsed sequencing batch reactors (SBR) was evaluated. The pulsed SBR, a novel operational mode of SBR, was

关键词： reduction potential oxidation reduction operational feasibility nitrogen

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直接驱动Z箍缩的FLTD型脉冲功率源的发展

孙凤举,邱爱慈,曾正中,曾江涛,丛培天

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第11期页码 56-63

摘要：

介绍了快直线型变压器（FLTD）脉冲源的技术特点；概述了美国圣地亚国家实验室与俄罗斯强流电子学研究所合作研制的FLTD－Z模块的新进展，基于FLTD拟重复频率运行的针对聚变能源（IFE）应用的原理性样机Z－POP装置，以及下一代惯性约束核聚变（ICF）和IFE用的指标为6 MV,60 MA/90 MA和100 ns FLTD型直接驱动脉冲源的概念设想；初步分析了FLTD直接驱动源需要研究的关键技术。

关键词：快Z箍缩直接驱动 FLTD型脉冲加速器高功率脉冲加速器概念设计